Operations are the business activities that a firm engages in to convert materials into finished products or services, sell them to customers, and earn a profit. Operations are the foundation of how a business works (in terms of supply chain and logistics) and profits rely on lean, efficient operations. Operations management is the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.

Operations involve various functions, such as:

• Operational planning: The process of setting goals, objectives, strategies, and tactics for the operations of a business.
• Finance: The function of managing the budget, costs, revenues, and profitability of the operations of a business.
• Product design: The function of creating or improving the products or services that a business offers to its customers.
• Quality control: The function of ensuring that the products or services meet the standards and expectations of the customers and stakeholders.
• Forecasting: The function of predicting the future demand, supply, and trends for the products or services of a business.
• Strategy: The function of developing and implementing the long-term vision, mission, and goals of the operations of a business.
• Supply chain management: The function of managing the flow of materials, information, and money from suppliers to customers.

Operations require various skills, such as:

• Resourcefulness: The ability to find quick and effective solutions to problems and challenges using available resources.
• Analytical thinking: The ability to collect, process, and interpret data and information to make informed decisions and recommendations.
• Communication: The ability to convey and receive information clearly and effectively with different audiences and stakeholders.
• Leadership: The ability to inspire, motivate, and guide others to achieve common goals and objectives.
• Teamwork: The ability to collaborate and cooperate with others to accomplish tasks and projects⁴.
• Innovation: The ability to generate and implement new ideas and approaches to improve the operations of a business.
• Adaptability: The ability to adjust and respond to changing situations and environments in the operations of a business.

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